Covid-19 Vest for Social distancing and Monitoring

In recent years, due to the rise in the number of novel coronaviruses across the globe nations step forward to stop the crisis. With guidelines of the WHO many methodologies came into existence to prevent the spreading of coronavirus. My SD: A Smart Social distance and Monitoring System takes advantage of the features of the smartphone's hardware which usually has Bluetooth transmitter-receiver, like GPS to determine the safe distance and required level of compliance. Through artificial intelligence, this new smart device helps maintain uniform social distance and detect COVID 19 patients. In these COVID 19 environments, everyone knows how safe they are. In this paper, we have automated the process whereby the layman can control himself without any priming which makes the system more user-friendly for the public. The user himself or herself can monitor body temperature, social distancing and get an alert in abnormal selfisolation conditions using contactless thermometer, ultrasonic sensors, and GSM modules. © 2022 IEEE.

Latent social distancing: Identification, causes and consequences

It is not directly observable how effectively a society practices social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper proposes a novel and robust methodology to identify latent social distancing at the country level. We extend the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Deceased (SEIRD) model with a time-varying, country-specific distancing term, and derive the Model-Inferred DIStancing index (MIDIS) for 120 countries using readily available epidemiological data. The index is not sensitive to measurement errors in epidemiological data and to the values assigned to model parameters. The evolution of MIDIS shows that countries exhibit diverse patterns of distancing during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic—a persistent increase, a trendless fluctuation, and an inverted U are among these patterns. We then implement regression analyses using MIDIS and obtain the following results: First, MIDIS is strongly correlated with available mobility statistics, at least for high income countries. Second, MIDIS is also strongly associated with (i) the stringency of lockdown measures (governmental response), (ii) the cumulative number of deceased persons (behavioral response), and (iii) the time that passed since the first confirmed case (temporal response). Third, there is statistically significant regional variation in MIDIS, and more developed societies achieve higher distancing levels. Finally, MIDIS is used to explain output losses experienced during the pandemic, and it is shown that there is a robust positive relationship between the two, with sizable economic effects.

A summary of the differences between pediatric and adult COVID-19

Children of all ages can get COVID-19. However, through examinations, studies have found that COVID-19 presents itself differently in children than in adults;it appears to be milder in children, but there is a higher chance of severe disease in high-risk children. The pediatric multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a severe complication of COVID-19 in children with different case definitions. Breast eeding is an important issue concerning mothers infected with COVID-19 as there is a debate about whether rooming in or separation is the preferrable method for the child's wellbeing.

Rheumatology patient attendance to the paediatric emergency department

Background: A large proportion of patients present to the paediatric emergency department (PED) with non-urgent problems [1]. With growing pressures on services, there is a need to reduce unnecessary attendances. Children with rheumatological conditions may attend PED with flares of their condition or unrelated presentations. These patients may be immunosuppressed due to steroid, disease-modifying or biologic therapy;PED attendance may therefore pose a serious infection risk. Objectives: To evaluate why children with rheumatological conditions attend the PED and whether these attendances are avoidable. Methods: This study was run in Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, a UK hospital with a PED and tertiary paediatric rheumatology services. Patients under rheumatology who attend PED are usually seen directly. A dataset of all patients referred directly to paediatric rheumatology between 01/01/19 and 31/12/19 was obtained from electronic records (n=59). The age, sex and reason for attendence were collected, as well whether they were admitted/discharged. Further data on management was collected from discharge letters for those with joint pain/swelling. Results: This cohort had 36 females and 23 males, with an average age of 11.9 years (range 1-18). 28 were discharged (47.5%) and 30 were admitted (50.8%). One patient left before being seen. The average waiting time was 3.97 hours. Table 1 summarises reasons for attendance to PED and final outcome. The most common reason for attendance was joint pain/swelling (n=14, 23.7%). Of these, nine were discharged with advice on analgesia or steroid dosing and for early review in clinic. There was no documentation on whether there had been any attempt to access the available rheumatology helpline prior to attending PED. Non-rheumatology-related reasons for attendance are also shown in Table 1, and notably include 20 patients with infections, 75% of whom were admitted to hospital. Chicken pox was the second most common reason for attendance (n=5, 8.5%);all patients attending with chicken pox or shingles (n=6) were admitted. Conclusion: Our study shows that attendance to PED with joint pain/swelling is usually avoidable in patients known to paediatric rheumatology services. Appropriate alternative services are needed to reduce hospital attendances;nurse-led helplines are beneficial, but still face some challenges in both availability and accessibility [2]. It is also important that patients and parents are given action plans for acute flares, which would ideally involve early clinic review rather than PED attendance. Our data also showed that patients are spending a long time waiting in PED, which needs to be avoided particularly in the context of immunosuppression. This is especially poignant now in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct referral to rheumatology with non-rheumatological problems likely reflects a desire for specialist advice in the context of complex conditions and medications, for example with regards to infections whilst on immunosuppressive medications, or uncertainty about whether new symptoms are related to the underlying condition. Expansion of helpline services and new approaches such as remote consultations should be explored.

Practical approach to COVID-19: an Egyptian pediatric consensus

Background: Outbreak of a novel corona virus was reported in China on December 2019. Sooner, a global spread was reported and WHO announced a public health emergency of international concern and then declared it as a pandemic. Egypt announced the first case on February 14, 2020, and since that time, cases are increasing. Main body: There is increasing need to simplify the practical approach for pediatricians and other health care workers in a step wise manner;how to deal with COVID-19 cases, how to care for the newborn babies as regards to breastfeeding, and how to ensure safety of health care workers assess their risk of infection and management accordingly. A national practical approach guideline was prepared including case definition, diagnosis, and management of pediatric COVID-19 suspected and confirmed cases in an algorithmic pattern. Conclusion: Up to the current knowledge, this is a simple and practical guidance for clinical management of children during the current pandemic.